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Background
Electron sources used in free-electron lasers, advanced microscopy, and next-generation particle accelerators suffer a trade-off between brightness, efficiency, operational lifetimes, and average current. The current systems give strong emission and improved electron multiplication, but they do not meet operational standards. A more robust...
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Background
Current battery management systems, such as those in electric vehicles, grid storage and consumer electronics, can only estimate bulk metrics like capacity and resistance, which miss key degradation mechanisms. While electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) provides detailed insight into battery health, it requires specialized hardware...
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